Our Gemara on Amud Aleph describes the makeshift Menorah used by the Chashmonaim after liberating the Temple:
During that era, the Menorah’s branches were fashioned from iron spits [shappudin], covered with tin [beva’atz]. Later, when richer, they made it from silver. When even wealthier, they crafted it from gold.
Pri Tzaddik (Chanukah 7), citing Pesikta Rabbasi (2), explores the Menorah’s structure. Pesikta Rabbasi suggests finding rods to fashion the Menorah was the Chanukah miracle, not mentioning oil. Pri Tzaddik proposes this answers the Beis Yosef’s question: Why is Chanukah eight days if the oil miracle was seven days (since there was oil for one day)? The first day’s miracle was finding utensils for a makeshift Menorah.
Pri Tzaddik says the branches, ending in cups for oil and wicks, symbolized the (outstretched arms) of one seeking divine wisdom from the Torah.
Penei Menachem (Chanukah) adds that the Menorah’s progression—tin to silver to gold—reflected the gradual recovery and repentance from Greek religious oppression. While physical liberation occurred instantly, restoring Torah civilization took years.
This mirrors Rambam’s view (Moreh Nevuchim III:32) on the Jewish people’s spiritual development post-Exodus. Shemos (13:17) states:
God did not lead them by way of the land of the Philistines, though nearer; for God said, “The people may have a change of heart when they see war, and return to Egypt.”
Rambam notes that God could have miraculously granted courage but instead chose a path avoiding immediate warfare. The wilderness journey built their spirit and strength. God influences man through nature’s laws. In spiritual matters, man must do his part: “Everything is in the hands of Heaven, except for fear of Heaven” (Berachos 33b).
Translations Courtesy of Sefaria, except when, sometimes, I disagree with the translation
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Rabbi Simcha Feuerman, Rabbi Simcha Feuerman, LCSW-R, LMFT, DHL is a psychotherapist who works with high conflict couples and families. He can be reached via email at simchafeuerman@gmail.com